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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Misner</span></h1>
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<p><b>Charles W. Misner</b> (* <a href="13._Juni" title="13. Juni">13. Juni</a> <a href="1932" title="1932">1932</a> in <a href="Jackson_(Michigan)" title="Jackson (Michigan)">Jackson (Michigan)</a>; † <a href="24._Juli" title="24. Juli">24. Juli</a> <a href="2023" title="2023">2023</a>) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Theoretische_Physik" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretische Physik">theoretischer Physiker</a>, der sich mit der <a href="Gravitation" title="Gravitation">Gravitationstheorie</a> beschäftigte.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Misner machte seinen <a href="Bachelor" title="Bachelor">Bachelor</a>-Abschluss 1952 an der <a href="University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>, seinen <a href="Master" title="Master">Master</a> 1954 an der <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, wo er 1957 bei <a href="John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> <a href="Promotion_(Doktor)" title="Promotion (Doktor)">promovierte</a> („Outline of Feynman Quantization of General Relativity“<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Ab 1956 war er „Instructor“ in Princeton und ab 1959 Assistant Professor. 1963 ging er als Associate Professor an die <a href="University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a> in College Park, wo er 1966 bis 2000 Professor für Physik war. Seitdem war er dort Professor <a href="Emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a> und Senior Research Scientist in der Gruppe für Gravitationsphysik. Er war unter anderem Gastprofessor 1966/67 und 1976 in <a href="Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> in England, 1959 und 1976 am <a href="Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels-Bohr-Institut</a> in <a href="Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a>, 1971 am Institut für physikalische Probleme der Akademie der Wissenschaften in <a href="Moskau" title="Moskau">Moskau</a>, 1972 am <a href="Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a>, 1973 am <a href="All_Souls_College" title="All Souls College">All Souls College</a> in <a href="Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 1980/81 und 2000 an der <a href="University_of_California%2C_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California in Santa Barbara</a> und 2000–2002 und 2005 am <a href="Max-Planck-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Gravitationsphysik" title="Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik">Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik</a> in <a href="Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>.
</p><p>1958 bis 1962 war er <a href="Sloan_Research_Fellowship" title="Sloan Research Fellowship">Sloan Research Fellow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1968 Fellow der <a href="American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> und 1972/73 <a href="Guggenheim-Stipendium" title="Guggenheim-Stipendium">Guggenheim Fellow</a>. 1994 erhielt er mit <a href="Stanley_Deser" title="Stanley Deser">Stanley Deser</a> und <a href="Richard_Arnowitt" title="Richard Arnowitt">Richard Arnowitt</a> den <a href="Dannie-Heineman-Preis_f%C3%BCr_mathematische_Physik" title="Dannie-Heineman-Preis für mathematische Physik">Dannie-Heineman-Preis für mathematische Physik</a>, 2015 mit Desner die <a href="Albert-Einstein-Medaille" title="Albert-Einstein-Medaille">Albert-Einstein-Medaille</a>. Er war Mitglied der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Bekannt ist Misner für seinen kosmologischen Ansatz des „Mixmaster-Universums“<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (als Modell einer chaotischen, oszillierenden kosmologischen Entwicklung), die <a href="ADM-Masse" title="ADM-Masse">Arnowitt-Deser-Misner-Massendefinition</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und die Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) Form der Feldgleichungen der <a href="Allgemeine_Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie">allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie</a> (in einer „Hamiltonschen Form“ von Bewegungsgleichungen durch Aufteilung in dreidimensionale raumartige <a href="Hyperfl%C3%A4che" title="Hyperfläche">Hyperflächen</a> und Einführung einer zeitartigen Koordinate).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit seinem Studenten Beckedorff<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gab er sehr früh in den 1960er Jahren als Fortentwicklung der <a href="Robert_Oppenheimer" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a>-Snyder-Behandlung eines Gravitationskollapses eine Lösung der Feldgleichungen für das an, was später <a href="Schwarzes_Loch" title="Schwarzes Loch">Schwarzes Loch</a> genannt wurde. Später beschäftigten sich Misner u. a. mit numerischer Behandlung der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.
</p><p>Mit seinem Lehrer John A. Wheeler und <a href="Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> verfasste er 1973 das Lehrbuch <i><a href="Gravitation_(Buch)" title="Gravitation (Buch)">Gravitation</a>,</i> welches bis heute (2023) als Standardwerk gilt. Mit Patrick Cooney veröffentlichte er 1991 das Buch <i>Spreadsheet Physics</i> über die Verwendung von <a href="Tabellenkalkulation" title="Tabellenkalkulation">Tabellenkalkulationsprogrammen</a> im Physik-Unterricht.
</p><p>Zu seinen Doktoranden zählt <a href="Carl_H._Brans" title="Carl H. Brans">Carl H. Brans</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften_(Auswahl)"><span id="Schriften_.28Auswahl.29"></span>Schriften (Auswahl)</h2></div>
<p>Soweit nicht in den Fußnoten zitiert.
</p>
<ul><li>Charles Misner, <a href="John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a>: <i>Classical physics as geometry</i>, <a href="Annals_of_Physics" title="Annals of Physics">Annals of Physics</a>, Band 2, 1957, S. 525–603</li>
<li>R. Arnowitt, S. Deser, C. W. Misner: <i>The dynamics of General Relativity</i>. In: <a href="Louis_Witten" title="Louis Witten">Louis Witten</a>: <i>Gravitation. An introduction to current research</i>. 1962, <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0405109">gr-qc/0405109</a></li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Differential geometry and differential topology</i>, in De Witt/De Witt, Relativity groups and topology, Les Houches Lectures, Blackie 1964</li>
<li>Charles Misner, D. H. Sharp: <i> Relativistic equations for adiabatic, spherically symmetric gravitational collapse</i>, Phys. Rev. B, Band 146, 1964, S. 571–576</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Relativistic equations of spherical gravitational collapse with escaping neutrinos</i>, Phys. Rev. B, Band 137, 1965, S. 1360–1364</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Taub-NUT space as a counterexample to almost everything</i>, in: Lectures in applied mathematics, Band 8, 1967, S. 160</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>The isotropy of the universe</i>, Astroph. J., Band 151, 1968, S. 43–457</li>
<li>Charles Misner, <a href="Abraham_Taub" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Taub">Abraham Taub</a>: <i>A Singularity-free empty universe</i>, Sov. Phys. JETP, Band 28, 1969, S. 122</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Absolute zero of time</i>, Phys. Rev., Band 186, 1969, S. 1328–1333</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Gravitational collapse</i>, in: Chretien, Deser, Goldstein, Astrophysics and General Relativity, Band 1, Gordon and Breach, 1969</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Classical and quantum dynamics of a closed universe</i>, in: Carmeli, Fickler, Witten, Lectures on general relativity, Plenum 1970</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Stability of Kerr black holes against scalar perturbation</i>, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Band 17, 1972, S. 472</li>
<li>Charles Misner: <i>Minisuperspace</i>, in John R. Klauder, <i>Magic without Magic</i>, Freeman 1972</li>
<li>Charles Misner, John Archibald Wheeler: <i>Conservation laws and the boundary of a boundary</i>, in Shelest: Gravitation, Problems and Prospects, Kiew 1972</li>
<li>Charles W. Misner, <a href="Kip_S._Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kip S. Thorne">Kip S. Thorne</a>, John A. Wheeler: <i>Gravitation.</i> Freeman, New York, 1973, 2000, ISBN 0-7167-0334-3.</li>
<li>Charles W. Misner, Patrick A. Cooney: <i>Spreadsheet Physics</i>, Addison-Wesley 1991</li>
<li>Charles W. Misner, <a href="Kip_S._Thorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kip S. Thorne">Kip S. Thorne</a> und <a href="Wojciech_Zurek" title="Wojciech Zurek">Wojciech Zurek</a>: <i>John Wheeler, relativity, and quantum information.</i> In: <i>Physics Today</i> 62, April 2009, S. 40–46 <i>(über seinen Lehrer John A. Wheeler)</i>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.physics.umd.edu/grt/people/charles.html">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11607002.html"><i>Charles W. Misner.</i></a> In: <i>Physics History Network.</i> American Institute of Physics (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">veröffentlicht in den <a href="Reviews_of_Modern_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Reviews of Modern Physics">Reviews of Modern Physics</a>: Misner, <i>Feynman quantization of general relativity</i>, Rev. Mod. Phys., Band 29, 1957, S. 497–509.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180314000756/https://sloan.org/past-fellows"><i>Past Fellows.</i></a> Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsloan.org%2Fpast-fellows">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">14. März 2018</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 4. Juni 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Misner&rft.title=Past+Fellows&rft.description=Past+Fellows&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180314000756%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fsloan.org%2Fpast-fellows&rft.publisher=Alfred+P.+Sloan+Foundation&rft.source=https://sloan.org/past-fellows"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterM.pdf"><i>Book of Members.</i></a> (PDF)<span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Juli 2016</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Misner&rft.title=Book+of+Members&rft.description=Book+of+Members&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterM.pdf&rft.date=&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Misner: <i>Mixmaster Universe</i>, Physical Review Letters, Band 22, 1969, S. 1071–1074.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnowitt, Deser, Misner, <i>Coordinate Invariance and Energy Expressions in General Relativity</i>, <a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a>, Band 122, 1961, S. 997.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnowitt, Deser, Misner: <i>Dynamical structure and definition of energy in General Relativity</i>, Physical Review, Band 116, 1959, S. 1322</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnowitt, Deser, Misner, <i>Canonical Variables in General Relativity</i>, Physical Review, Band 117, 1960, S. 1595.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thesis 1962, Vortrag von Misner 1963 in Gold „The nature of Time“ 1967 als „Infinite Redshift in General Relativity“. Sie stückelten eine Friedmann-Lösung mit verschwindendem Druck im Innern einer Kugel und den Außenraum der Schwarzschild-Lösung zusammen.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/133190811">133190811</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90646387">n90646387</a></span> | <a href="Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00690981">00690981</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65189047/">65189047</a></span> | </div>
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